Riot police declared the gatherings unlawful assemblies and a breach of anti-coronavirus bans on public gatherings, sending snatch squads to make multiple arrests throughout the evening.
The financial hub's protest movement kicked off on June 9 last year with a huge march against an unpopular bill that would have allowed extraditions to the Chinese mainland.
But it was three days later that the first sustained clashes broke out between protesters and riot police firing tear gas outside the city's legislature.
Such scenes became a weekly, and at times daily, occurrence over the next seven months as Hong Kong was upended by unprecedented unrest fuelled by fears Beijing was eroding the semi-autonomous city's limited freedoms.
Hong Kong enjoys liberties unseen on the mainland as part of the "one country, two systems" deal made when colonial power Britain handed it back to China in 1997.
On Friday night, thousands answered online calls to gather at 8:00 pm (1200 GMT) in local malls and neighbourhoods to chant pro-democracy slogans and sing "Glory to Hong Kong" -- a protest anthem that became hugely popular during the turmoil.
Live television showed rallies taking place in half a dozen districts, defying a ban on public gatherings because of the coronavirus outbreak.
"I came here because our goals have not been achieved, so I have to continue coming out," a 28-year-old social worker, who gave his surname So, told AFP in Causeway Bay, a popular shopping district where hundreds had gathered.
"We have to tell the government that we won't give up, no matter how many of us are left," he added.
In the district of Kwun Tong, live broadcasts showed a man with a knife being subdued by protesters and then police.
Police said the man had stabbed another person and was arrested.
'Panic-mongering'
Demonstrators are pushing for an inquiry into police brutality, an amnesty for the roughly 9,000 people arrested over the protests and universal suffrage.
China has refused and portrayed the protests as a foreign plot to destabilise the mainland.
Last month it unveiled plans to impose a new national security law on Hong Kong targeting subversion, succession, terrorism and foreign interference.
Beijing says the law will restore order.
But critics, including many Western governments, fear it will bring mainland-style political oppression to a city supposedly guaranteed freedoms and autonomy for 50 years after its handover.
Earlier Friday China described Britain's concerns that the security law might undermine Hong Kong's autonomy as "groundless panic-mongering".
The comments came a day after Britain renewed its call for an independent inquiry to "rebuild trust" and heal divisions.
In an earlier rally Friday more than a hundred students formed a human chain outside a school where a teacher was reportedly fired because she allowed a candidate to play "Glory to Hong Kong" in a music exam.
The rallies since Beijing announced its national security law plans have been smaller and less violent than last year.
On Tuesday, flashmob rallies were held to mark the one year anniversary of the protests beginning.
The week before tens of thousands defied the public gathering ban to peacefully mark the anniversary of Beijing's June 4, 1989 deadly crackdown on students in Tiananmen Square.
At least 13 prominent activists have since received court summons for inciting unlawful assemblies.
Amnesty International called the charges "the latest assault on freedom of expression and peaceful assembly in the city" in a statement on Friday.
"With China's Orwellian national security law coming, the Hong Kong authorities appear emboldened to ramp up repression of critical voices," Man-Kei Tam, the rights group's Hong Kong director said.
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