A dermatology study published in 2020 found that more than a third of over 900 study participants had at least one allergic reaction to cosmetic ingredients. From a tingle to an all-out rash or constant red - some ingredients in our regular skin products could be the sneaky culprit. Although skincare products help restore and maintain our skin health, it is wrong to think that every chemical is compatible with every face. Understanding which chemicals are more prone to cause an allergic reaction helps you make informed choices and save yourself from these unwanted reactions.
Here, we explain 11 skincare ingredients that are notorious for causing various kinds of allergic reactions. Remember that everyone's skin reacts differently, so what triggers a response for one can be harmless for another. Still, it is good to stay cautious, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies.
1. Fragrance (Parfum)
Fragrance is among the most prevalent allergens in skincare products. Either synthetic or natural, fragrances can irritate, cause rashes, and even respiratory distress in sensitive skin. The issue with "fragrance" is that it tends to cover a mixture of many chemicals, so it's hard to identify the specific irritant.
Fragrance-free or unscented products are usually the better choice, especially for those with reactive skin. Face Facts Wonder Cream Fragrance-Free is an excellent choice for a fragrance-free product.
Price: ₦9,500 Where to Buy: Shop Perona Beauty
2. Preservatives (Parabens and Formaldehyde-releasers)
Preservatives extend skincare products' shelf life by preventing bacterial growth. Some preservatives, however, such as parabens and formaldehyde-releasing agents (DMDM hydantoin or imidazolidinyl urea), have been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis. Those with eczema or very sensitive skin must use caution when using products containing these ingredients. The Belhuman Niacinamide Brightening Cream and Exfoliating Treatment Shower Gel set is a preservative-free, clean skincare product for sensitive skin.
Price: ₦32,500. Where to Buy: Shop Belhuman Cosmetics
3. Essential Oils
Although essential oils are of natural origin, they can irritate sensitive skin types. Oils like lavender, peppermint, tea tree, and citrus oils are common in natural skincare products but can also induce reactions such as redness, itching, or inflammation. They are especially powerful when applied at high concentrations or over damaged or compromised skin. Body butters like shea butter and cocoa butter can be an alternative to essential oils.
Price: ₦2,500 Where to Buy Raw Shea Butter: Shop Elsie Organics
4. Lanolin
Lanolin is a humectant derived from sheep wool found in creams and ointments commonly recommended for dry skin. It is a good moisturiser but can cause allergic reactions, particularly in people who are allergic to wool. It is known to make skin red, swollen, and itchy. Classified as teen-free, the Ordinary Alpha Arbutin 2% + Ha is free of Lanolin.
Price: ₦24,950 Where to Buy: Shop Luxbeauty Store
5. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)
SLS is a surfactant in most shampoos, face washes, and cleansers, mainly used to create foam. Although it is perfect for removing dirt and oil from the skin, it can also remove the natural oils, leading to dryness and irritation. SLS can cause redness, burning, and allergies in sensitive or dry skin. Gently use alternatives such as sodium laureth sulfate or non-sulfate cleansers. The Simple Moisturising Facial Wash is an excellent option as it is an SLS-free face wash.
Price: ₦6,200. Where to Buy: Shop Luxbeauty Store
6. Alcohol (Denatured Alcohol or SD Alcohol)
While not all alcohols are bad for the skin, SD alcohol and denatured alcohol are particularly drying and harsh. They are typically added to toners and acne products for a matte finish or a quick-drying sensation. These types of alcohol, however, can dissolve the skin's protective barrier and lead to irritation, mainly when used over a long period. If you are looking for an alcohol-free product, try the Neutrogena Alcohol-Free Toner.
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7. Propylene Glycol
This product is a humectant and a skin sensitiser to help the skin retain moisture. Propylene glycol can cause contact dermatitis in certain individuals, resulting in redness, itching, or burning. It is found in creams, lotions, and even makeup products. The Olay Retinol 24 Smoothing Nighttime Body Lotion + Vitamin B3 is a product with retinyl propionate without propylene glycol. It has detailed ingredient breakdowns, usage guidelines, and reviews from skincare lovers like you.
Price: ₦19,000. Where to Buy: Shop Perona Beauty.
8. Oxybenzone and Other Chemical Sunscreens
Oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octinoxate filter out UV radiation to protect the skin. They have been reported, however, to induce allergic contact dermatitis in a few persons, especially those with sensitive skin. Their signs can be itching, swelling, or sun-exposed skin rash. Opting for mineral sunscreens is the best. A perfect choice would be the Kose Suncut UV Perfect Gel Sunscreen - SPF 50
Price: ₦13,550. Where to Buy: Shop 24 Eleven
9. Retinoids (Retinol, Retin-A, Tretinoin)
Retinoids are highly acclaimed for their anti-aging and anti-acne properties, but they can be very harsh on the skin, especially for starters. They tend to cause peeling, dryness, and irritation, which can be similar to allergic reactions. The best way to go is to introduce retinoids and use them gradually with a calming moisturiser.
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10. Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) and Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs)
Ingredients like glycolic acid, lactic acid (AHAs), and salicylic acid (BHA) are exfoliants that refine skin texture and help with acne. However, overuse or applying strengths too high for your skin type can cause stinging, redness, and sensitivity. Sometimes, they also cause more severe allergic reactions, especially when combined with other active ingredients. However, a product like a Glycolic toner can be added mildly to your skincare routine.
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11. Colourants and Dyes
Synthetic colouring dyes are usually added to skincare products to enhance their visual appeal. Dyes, particularly coal tar-based dyes, may cause allergies, such as minor irritations or full-contact dermatitis. "Colour-free" or "dye-free" products are usually safe options for individuals with an allergic predisposition. To avoid skincare products with colourants and dyes, opt for organic skincare products. A good buy would be the Skin Rejuvenating Face Cream with Vitamin B3.
Price: ₦8,000. Where to Buy: Shop ORÍKÌ
Knowing your skin type and reading ingredient labels with great attention can help prevent allergic reactions. If you experience redness, itching, or swelling after using a product, it may be wise to stop using it and consult a dermatologist. Patch-testing new products before putting them on your body or face can also prevent adverse reactions. If you have the proper information and a little common sense, you can create a skincare routine that works with your skin, not against it.